I'm not sure about the details, I'm not a kernel hacker, but I wouldn't think that ASUS needs to go very proprietary. Much more it seems they simply do what all the overclockers do: go beyond the manufacturer specs. So it could be as simple as ignoring the limits of what is reported as the CPU range, and setting lower, respectively higher values.
I wonder if his kext could optionally provide for user supplied overrides...
I don't get that much battery life, although I likely have a similar setup, but I also notice that some apps, e.g. Skype, tend to use quite a bit CPU even when "idle". Also, do you have the factory WiFi card, or did you swap in an Apple card, like me? If so, which model? I took one out of an AppleTV, so that might not be the most power efficient card around...